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IG_271: Pl. 36 37. Palais du Bey. Fermeture, fenêtre en plâtre découpée, verres de couleurs
(IG_Normand_1870_IG_271)

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Title

Palais du Bey. Fermeture, fenêtre en plâtre découpée, verres de couleurs

Type of Object
Artist / Producer
Studio
Dating
1870

Iconography

Description

Pl. 36–37, a colour plate in Alfred Normand's L'architecture des nations étrangères. Études sur les principales constructions du parc à l’Exposition Universelle de Paris (1867), published in 1870 in Paris by A. Morel, éditeur-libraire, shows a stucco and glass window of the Tunisian pavilion at the 1867 Exposition Universelle in Paris.
Its poly-lobed arch rests on two engaged columns. The spandrels are decorated with bands with repeating rhombus shapes surrounding a geometric star pattern. The window opening is filled with a perforated stucco lattice of geometric design that is constructed around two twenty-four-pointed stars placed centrally one above the other. The pieces of coloured glass are yellow, blue, green, and red. The illustration also shows the three-dimensionality of the stucco lattice by depicting the the angled stucco perforations by means of shading.
Underneath the illustration, a scale shows that the window opening is about 65cm long and about 150cm high.
The caption describes the stucco and glass window as ‘fermeture, fenêtre en plâtre découpée, verres de couleurs’.

Iconclass Code
48A981 · ornament ~ geometric motifs
48A9815 · ornament ~ starforms
Iconclass Keywords

Technique / State

History

Research

The caption to the illustration mentions the name of Alfred Normand. This leads us to the assumption that he was the creator of the original drawing which was reproduced through chromolithography by Walter and the Parisian firm Lemercier & Cie. In his text however, Normand informs the reader that some of the plates depicting the Tunisian pavilion reproduce drawings made by Arabs and sent to Paris (Normand, 1870, p. 11).

It is notable that stucco and glass windows of this typology are a very consistent feature of Tunisian representations at world’s fairs. Already at the first world’s fair, the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, Tunis exhibited a stucco window with an arch resting on engaged columns, with carved spandrels and perforations in the central stucco field forming a geometric pattern around pointed stars (IG_410). The same typology can be found at the International Colonial Exhibition in Amsterdam in 1883 (Victoria and Albert Museum, 1277-1883). At the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889, the Tunisian pavilion included windows of this typology again, as photographs show (IG_92).
In addition to the window from the Amsterdam Colonial Exhibition preserved at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, several windows of this typology that entered the collection of the Orientalische Museum in the 19th century (now in the MAK Vienna: IG_362, IG_363, IG_364, IG_365, IG_366, IG_367, IG_368) demonstrate the availability of this type of stucco and glass window in 19th-century Europe.

The publication gives no information as to exactly where the stucco and glass window depicted was positioned in the Tunisian pavilion. In the accompanying text, Normand explains that in the Palais du Bey the inner windows were doubled with outer stucco windows of similar geometric perforations, yet not sealed with pieces of glass. One such window is shown in pl. 42. It corresponds to the upper windows of the pavilion’s main floor, as seen on a photograph of the pavilion’s exterior (IG_452). The window depicted in pl. 36–37 has not yet been identified in a photograph.

Dating
1870
Related Locations
Place of Manufacture

Bibliography and Sources

Literature

Normand, A. (1870). L'architecture des nations étrangères. Études sur les principales constructions du parc à l’Exposition Universelle de Paris (1867), A. Morel, éditeur-libraire.

Exhibitions

1867: Exposition Universelle, Paris.
18.5.2024–1.9.2024: Luminosité de l’Orient, Vitromusée Romont

Image Information

Name of Image
IG_Normand_1870_IG_271
Credits
Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF

Inventory

Reference Number
IG_271
Author and Date of Entry
Franziska Niemand 2024

Linked Objects and Images

Linked Objects
L'architecture des nations étrangères